INTRODUCTION
Climate change is, in addition to exponential population increase in Asia and air and water pollution, the greatest long-term environmental threat humanity has ever faced and the biggest challenge to adapt to. Climate change is partly caused by the build up of greenhouse gases - from burning fossil fuels and the destruction of areas that store massive amounts of carbon like the world's rainforests, waterbeds and seagrass meadows. No one knows how much warming is “safe” but we know that climate change is already harming people and ecosystems around the globe. Climate change is expected to alter the availability of freshwater, the productive capacity of soils and water, and patterns of human settlements. But we do not know the extent and geographical distribution of these changes, nor can we know how climate-related environmental change may influence human societies. The most dire predictions warn that climate change may greatly increase the risk of violent conflict over increasingly scarce resources, such as freshwater and arable land. Land degradation, soil loss, freshwater availability, and population density and change are important factors

The impacts of climate change are already being felt. The average global temperatures have risen every decade since the 1970s, and the 10 warmest years on record have all occurred since 1997. Glaciers, permafrost and sea ice are disappearing. Sea levels are rising, coral reefs and seagrass beds are dying, seasonal changes and extreme weather events are becoming more common. The impacts of climate change are already responsible for killing thousands of people every year and damaging ecosystems. And this is just the beginning - the science predicts that anything more than 2°C rise in global temperatures puts us on the road to potentially catastrophic problems. There will be more flooding, more drought, more disease, more famine and more wars on natural resources, creating hundreds of millions of population congregation, disaster and environmental prone refugees causing destruction of habitats, entire ecosystems and species. We need urgent action to make sure that it doesn’t happen.